Positive Matrix Factorization as Source Apportionment of Paddy Soil Heavy Metals in Black Shale Areas in Western Zhejiang Province, China

Author:

Xu Changyan123,Lu Xinzhe124,Huang Chunlei12,Sun Rui12,Gu Anqing12,Pan Weifeng12,He Li12,Bao Jiayu123,Zou Ruosong3,Fu Cheng3,Cai Zihua12

Affiliation:

1. Technology Innovation Center of Ecological Evaluation and Remediation of Agricultural Land in Plain Area, MNR, Hangzhou 311200, China

2. Zhejiang Institute of Geosciences, Hangzhou 310007, China

3. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

4. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Abstract

The source apportionment of pollutants is the key to preventing and controlling the pollution caused by heavy metals in soils. The aim of this study was to investigate the main sources of heavy metals in the soils of black shale areas in western Zhejiang, China. Based on geostatistical spatial analysis, this research employed positive matrix factorization (PMF) for the source apportionment of heavy metals in paddy soil. The results showed that contaminated arable soils were concentrated in the western and southern study areas. At least five major sources of heavy metals were screened in this study: natural sources (39.66%), traffic emissions (32.85%), industrial emissions (9.23%), agricultural activities (9.17%), and mining (9.10%). To be specific, Cd was mainly from mining; As originated from agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides; and Hg, as an industrial pollutant, was transported by atmospheric deposition in the study area. The accumulation of Pb, Zn, and Cu was mainly influenced by natural sources and anthropogenic sources, i.e., traffic emissions, while that of Cr and Ni was controlled by natural sources.

Funder

Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China

Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province, China

Science and Technology Programs of Department of Natural Resources of Zhejiang Province, China

the Ecological Environment Scientific Research and Achievement Promotion Program of Zhejiang Province

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

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