Inhibition of DPP-IV Activity and Stimulation of GLP-1 Release by Gastrointestinally Digested Black Soldier Fly Prepupae

Abstract

The beneficial effects of an insect-based diet on human health and, in particular, the regulatory ability of digested insects’ proteins on the glycaemic response in humans are topics that need to be investigated deeper. In this work, we performed an in vitro study on the modulatory activity of gastrointestinal digested black soldier fly (BSF) prepupae on the enterohormone GLP-1 and its natural inhibitor, DPP-IV. We verified whether actions intended to valorise the starting insect biomass, i.e., insect-optimised growth substrates and prior fermentation, can positively impact human health. Our results highlight that the digested BSF proteins from all the prepupae samples had a high stimulatory and inhibitory ability on the GLP-1 secretion and the DPP-IV enzyme in the human GLUTag cell line. Gastrointestinal digestion significantly improved the DPP-IV inhibitory capacity of the whole insect protein. Moreover, it was seen that optimised diets or fermentation processes preceding the digestion, in any case, did not positively affect the efficacy of the answer. BSF was already considered one of the edible insects more suitable for human consumption for its optimal nutritional profile. The BSF bioactivity here shown, after simulated digestion, on glycaemic control systems makes this species even more promising.