Affiliation:
1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
Abstract
Black barley seeds are a health-beneficial diet resource because of their special chemical composition and antioxidant properties. The black lemma and pericarp (BLP) locus was mapped in a genetic interval of 0.807 Mb on chromosome 1H, but its genetic basis remains unknown. In this study, targeted metabolomics and conjunctive analyses of BSA-seq and BSR-seq were used to identify candidate genes of BLP and the precursors of black pigments. The results revealed that five candidate genes, purple acid phosphatase, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11, coiled-coil domain-containing protein 167, subtilisin-like protease, and caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, of the BLP locus were identified in the 10.12 Mb location region on the 1H chromosome after differential expression analysis, and 17 differential metabolites, including the precursor and repeating unit of allomelanin, were accumulated in the late mike stage of black barley. Phenol nitrogen-free precursors such as catechol (protocatechuic aldehyde) or catecholic acids (caffeic, protocatechuic, and gallic acids) may promote black pigmentation. BLP can manipulate the accumulation of benzoic acid derivatives (salicylic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, and syringaldehyde) through the shikimate/chorismite pathway other than the phenylalanine pathway and alter the metabolism of the phenylpropanoid-monolignol branch. Collectively, it is reasonable to infer that black pigmentation in barley is due to allomelanin biosynthesis in the lemma and pericarp, and BLP regulates melanogenesis by manipulating the biosynthesis of its precursors.
Funder
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China
International Science and Technology Cooperation of Sichuan
China Agricultural Research System
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
Reference52 articles.
1. Šterna1, V., Zute1, S., Jansone, I., and Kantane, I. (2017). Chemical composition of covered and naked spring barley varieties and their potential for food production. Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 67, 151–158.
2. Highland barley: Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, health effects, and applications;Obadi;Food Res. Int.,2021
3. β-Glucan, a dietary fiber in effective prevention of lifestyle diseases-an insight;Maheshwari;Bioact. Carbohydr. Diet. Fibre,2019
4. Emerging science on benefits of whole grain oat and barley and their soluble dietary fibers for heart health, glycemic response, and gut microbiota;Tosh;Nutr. Rev.,2020
5. Carotenoids and tocols content in genotypes of colored barley;Suriano;J. Cereal Sci.,2020
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献