Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis): A Journey through Sustainability, Processing, and Utilization

Author:

Alhaji Adamu Muhammad12ORCID,Almeida Erislene S.3ORCID,Carneiro Camila Rodrigues4,da Silva César Augusto Sodré1ORCID,Monteiro Simone35ORCID,Coimbra Jane Sélia dos Reis1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil P.O. Box 3244, Nigeria

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil

4. Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil

5. Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil

Abstract

Palm oil, derived from Elaeis guineensis, is a critical component of the global edible oil and industrial fat market. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sustainability of the palm oil chain, focusing on industrial applications, environmental implications, and economic sustainability. The processing of palm oil, from fruit pulp to refined oil, is detailed, highlighting the importance of refining in maintaining quality and extending application ranges. While palm oil offers health benefits because of its rich fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties, its production poses significant environmental challenges. This review underscores ongoing efforts to balance technological and culinary demands with environmental stewardship and sustainable economic growth. Emerging trends, including interspecific hybrids such as E. guineensis and E. oleifera, are discussed for their potential to increase sustainability and productivity.

Funder

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal

Publisher

MDPI AG

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