The International Breakfast Research Initiative—Evaluation and Comparison of Breakfast Nutrient Intakes in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines with a View to Proposing a Harmonised Nutrient-Based Breakfast Recommendation-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The International Breakfast Research Initiative—Evaluation and Comparison of Breakfast Nutrient Intakes in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines with a View to Proposing a Harmonised Nutrient-Based Breakfast Recommendation

Published:2024-07-09 Issue:14 Volume:16 Page:2180
ISSN:2072-6643
Container-title:Nutrients
language:en
Short-container-title:Nutrients

Author:

Gibney Michael¹^ORCID,Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda²^ORCID,Mognard Elise³⁴⁵⁶^ORCID,Khusun Helda⁷⁸⁹,Poulain Jean-Pierre³⁴⁵⁶^ORCID,Ducay Apple²,Toledo Marvin²^ORCID,Anggraini Roselynne⁸¹⁰^ORCID,Februhartanty Judhiastuty⁸⁹,Hopkins Sinéad¹¹

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland

2. Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig 1631, Philippines

3. Chair “Food Studies: Food, Cultures & Health”, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia

4. Centre for Asian Modernisation Studies (CAMS), Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia

5. Faculty of Social Sciences and Leisure Management, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia

6. Centre d’Études et de Recherche: Travail, Organisation, Pouvoir (CERTOP) UMR CNRS 5044, Université de Toulouse, 31058 Toulouse, CEDEX 9, France

7. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr HAMKA, Jakarta 12130, Indonesia

8. Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON)—Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional (PKGR), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 13120, Indonesia

9. Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

10. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia

11. Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland

Abstract

The International Breakfast Research Initiative is a global study of breakfast nutrition, involving 17 countries in four continents, aiming to derive nutrient-based regional recommendations for breakfast. This study aimed to propose a harmonised recommendation for three South-East Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. For each country, data from nationally representative dietary surveys on the contribution of breakfast to daily nutrient intakes at both the adult population level and at the level of the upper tertile of daily nutrient density using the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) Index were collated and examined. Energy intakes at breakfast ranged from 26 to 27% of daily energy intake. In all three countries, breakfast was carbohydrate-rich, providing 52 to 72% of breakfast energy intake, while it was higher in total and saturated fat in Malaysia and Indonesia. Intakes of fibre and vitamin C were low in all countries, while Malaysia tended to have higher intakes of most minerals, including sodium. Daily and breakfast nutrient intakes (at the population level and in the upper tertile of the NRF Index) were compared to the Codex Alimentarius nutrient reference values (NRVs) to assess adequacy. A decision tree was established based on these data to guide the development of recommendations for nutrient intakes at breakfast across the three countries.

Funder

Cereal Partners Worldwide

Publisher

MDPI AG

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/14/2180/pdf

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