Retrieval of O3, NO2, BrO and OClO Columns from Ground-Based Zenith Scattered Light DOAS Measurements in Summer and Autumn over the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract

Ground-based zenith scattered light differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements were performed in summer and autumn (27 May–30 November) 2020 at Golmud (94°54′ E, 36°25′ N; 2807.6 m altitude) to investigate the abundances and temporal variations of ozone (O3) and its depleting substances over the northern Tibetan Plateau (TP). The differential slant column densities (dSCDs) of O3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), bromine monoxide (BrO), and chlorine dioxide (OClO) were simultaneously retrieved from scattered solar spectra in the zenith direction during the twilight period. The O3 vertical column densities (VCDs) were derived by applying the Langley plot method, for which we investigated the sensitivities to the chosen wavelength, the a-priori O3 profile and the aerosol extinction profile used in O3 air mass factor (AMF) simulation as well as the selected solar zenith angle (SZA) range. The mean O3 VCDs from June to November 2020 are 7.21 × 1018 molec·cm−2 and 7.18 × 1018 molec·cm−2 at sunrise and sunset, respectively. The derived monthly variations of the O3 VCDs, ranging from a minimum of 6.9 × 1018 molec·cm−2 in October to 7.5 × 1018 molec·cm−2 in November, well matched the OMI satellite product, with a correlation coefficient R = 0.98. The NO2 VCDs at SZA = 90°, calculated by a modified Langley plot method, were systematically larger at sunset than at sunrise as expected with a pm/am ratio of ~1.56. The maximum of the monthly NO2 VCDs, averaged between sunrise and sunset, was 3.40 × 1015 molec·cm−2 in July. The overall trends of the NO2 VCDs were gradually decreasing with the time and similarly observed by the ground-based zenith DOAS and OMI. The average level of the BrO dSCD90°–80° (i.e., dSCD between 90° and 80° SZA) was 2.06 × 1014 molec·cm−2 during the period of June–November 2020. The monthly BrO dSCD90°–80° presented peaks in August and July for sunrise and sunset, respectively, and slowly increased after October. During the whole campaign period, the OClO abundance was lower than the detection limit of the instrument. This was to be expected because during that season the stratospheric temperatures were above the formation temperature of polar stratospheric clouds. Nevertheless, this finding is still of importance, because it indicates that the OClO analysis works well and is ready to be used during periods when enhanced OClO abundances can be expected. As a whole, ground-based zenith DOAS observations can serve as an effective way to measure the columns of O3 and its depleting substances over the TP. The aforementioned results are helpful in investigating stratospheric O3 chemistry over the third pole of the world.