Comparative Analysis of Clinical and CT Findings in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Original Strain, Delta and Omicron Variants

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the clinical characteristics and chest CT findings of patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants and the original strain of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 503 patients infected with the original strain (245 cases), Delta variant (90 cases), and Omicron variant (168 cases) were retrospectively analyzed. The differences in clinical severity and chest CT findings were analyzed. We also compared the infection severity of patients with different vaccination statuses and quantified pneumonia by a deep-learning approach. Results: The rate of severe disease decreased significantly from the original strain to the Delta variant and Omicron variant (27% vs. 10% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001). In the Omicron group, 44% (73/168) of CT scans were categorized as abnormal compared with 81% (73/90) in the Delta group and 96% (235/245, p < 0.05) in the original group. Trends of a gradual decrease in total CT score, lesion volume, and lesion CT value of AI evaluation were observed across the groups (p < 0.001 for all). Omicron patients who received the booster vaccine had less clinical severity (p = 0.015) and lower lung involvement rate than those without the booster vaccine (36% vs. 57%, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Compared with the original strain and Delta variant, the Omicron variant had less clinical severity and less lung injury on CT scans.