Enhanced Exhaust after-Treatment Warmup in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine System via Miller Cycle and Delayed Exhaust Valve Opening

Abstract

The exhaust after-treatment (EAT) threshold temperature is a significant concern for highway vehicles to meet the strict emission norms. Particularly at cold engine start and low loads, EAT needs to be improved above 250 °C to reduce the tailpipe emission rates. Conventional strategies such as electrical heating, exhaust throttling, or late fuel injection mostly need a high fuel penalty for fast EAT warmup. The objective of this work is to demonstrate using a numerical model that a combination of the Miller cycle and delayed exhaust valve opening (DEVO) can improve the tradeoff between EAT warmup and fuel consumption penalty. A relatively low-load working condition (1200 RPM speed and 2.5 bar BMEP) is maintained in the diesel engine model. The Miller cycle via retarded intake valve closure (RIVC) is noticeably effective in increasing exhaust temperature (as high as 55 °C). However, it also dramatically reduces the exhaust flow rate (over 30%) and, thus, is ineffective for rapid EAT warmup. DEVO has the potential to enhance EAT warmup via increased exhaust temperature and increased exhaust flow rate. However, it considerably decreases the brake thermal efficiency (BTE)—by up to 5%—due to high pumping loss in the system. The RIVC + DEVO combined technique can elevate the exhaust temperature above 250 °C with improved fuel consumption—up to 10%—compared to DEVO alone as it requires a relatively lower rise in pumping loss. The combined method is also superior to RIVC alone. Unlike RIVC alone, the RIVC + DEVO combined mode does not need the extreme use of RIVC to increase engine-out temperature above 250 °C and, thus, provides relatively higher heat transfer rates (up to 103%) to the EAT system through a higher exhaust flow rate. The RIVC + DEVO combined method can be technically more difficult to implement compared to other methods. However, it has the potential to maintain accelerated EAT warmup with improved BTE and, thus, can keep emission rates at low levels during cold start and low loads.