Prevalence and Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Metabolic Conditions

Author:

Jun Lauren1ORCID,Robinson Megan1ORCID,Geetha Thangiah12ORCID,Broderick Tom L.3,Babu Jeganathan Ramesh12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA

2. Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA

3. Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA

Abstract

Skeletal muscle atrophy is prevalent in a myriad of pathological conditions, such as diabetes, denervation, long-term immobility, malnutrition, sarcopenia, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, and cachexia. This is a critically important topic that has significance in the health of the current society, particularly older adults. The most damaging effect of muscle atrophy is the decreased quality of life from functional disability, increased risk of fractures, decreased basal metabolic rate, and reduced bone mineral density. Most skeletal muscle in humans contains slow oxidative, fast oxidative, and fast glycolytic muscle fiber types. Depending on the pathological condition, either oxidative or glycolytic muscle type may be affected to a greater extent. This review article discusses the prevalence of skeletal muscle atrophy and several mechanisms, with an emphasis on high-fat, high-sugar diet patterns, obesity, and diabetes, but including other conditions such as sarcopenia, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer cachexia, and heart failure.

Funder

Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station

Hatch/Multistate Funding program

Interdisciplinary Research

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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