Effect of Couple Stress and Mass Transpiration on Ternary Hybrid Nanoliquid over a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet with Heat Transfer

Abstract

The present article describes the unsteady flow of a couple stress via a ternary hybrid nanofluid on a stretching surface with porous media. The nanofluid exhibits important properties for increasing heat transmission, and it is widely used in manufacturing and industrial applications. The basic similarity equations have been discovered to accommodate both stretching/shrinking surfaces. Ternary hybrid nanofluid is a colloidal combination of three types of microspheres: Al2O3, single wall carbon nanotubes, and graphene. For investigating spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles, the governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations, expending appropriate transformations. The analytical solution can then be carried out using various forms of nanoparticles, such as spherical, cylindrical, and platelet, to obtain the solution domain. Heat transfer is used in an electrically conducting fluid and also including thermal radiation, as calculated with the Biot number. The focus of the present effort is the evaluation of the flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid over a porous media via thermal radiation, with couple stress, using an analytical process. For various physical parameters, the velocity and temperature conditions are shown graphically.