Dietary Nutrients and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Renal Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in post-renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Adequate nutrient intake is a protective factor for CVD. We examined the associations of macronutrients and micronutrients with traditional and nontraditional CVD risk factors. Conducted from September 2016 to June 2018, this cross-sectional study included 106 RTRs aged ≥18 years with a functioning allograft. Dietary intake data from 3-day dietary records were collected. Nutrient intake adequacy was defined using various instruments, including the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. CVD risk factors were defined according to the K/DOQI guidelines. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations. CVD risk was present in all patients; the lowest proportions of adequate intake were 2.8% for dietary fiber and 0.9% for calcium. Adequate nutrient intake was associated with a lower likelihood of the occurrence of traditional CVD risk factors (specifically, 1.9–31.3% for hyperlipidemia and 94.6% for diabetes mellitus). It was also associated with a lower likelihood of the occurrence of nontraditional CVD risk by 0.8% for hypophosphatemia and 34% for hyperuricemia. Adherence to dietary guidelines should be promoted among RTRs to decrease CVD risk.