Association of diet quality and weight increase in adult heart transplant recipients

Author:

Miura Kyoko12,Yu Regina1,Entwistle Timothy R.3,McKenzie Scott C.24,Green Adèle C15

Affiliation:

1. Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia

2. Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia

3. Pebble Biotechnology Laboratory Alderley Park Macclesfield UK

4. Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit The Prince Charles Hospital Chermside QLD Australia

5. CRUK Manchester Institute and University of Manchester Manchester UK

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the quality of the diet of heart transplant recipients (HTRs) is essential to developing effective dietary interventions for weight control, but relevant evidence is scarce. We investigated diet quality and its association with post‐transplant increase in weight adjusted for height (body mass index [BMI]) in Australian HTRs.MethodsWe recruited adult HTRs from Queensland's thoracic transplant clinic, 2020–2021. Study participants completed a 3‐day food diary using a smart‐phone app. Socio‐demographic information was collected by self‐administered questionnaire, and height, serial weight and clinical information were obtained from medical records. We calculated the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index based on nine food groups and nutrients (index of 90 indicates highest possible quality), and any changes in BMI (≤ 0 kg m–2 or >0 kg m–2) post‐transplantation. Median DASH index values were assessed in relation to sex and BMI change using Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsAmong 49 consented HTRs, 25 (51%) completed the food diary (median age 48 years, 52% females). Median BMI at enrolment was 27.2 kg m–2; median BMI change since transplant was +3.7 kg m–2. Fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intakes were generally lower than recommended, giving a low overall median DASH index of 30 with no sex differences. HTRs for which the BMI increased post‐transplant had significantly lower median DASH indices than those whose BMI did not increase (30 vs. 45, p = 0.013).ConclusionsThe diet quality of HTRs appears suboptimal overall, with fruit and vegetable intakes especially low. HTRs whose BMI increased post‐transplant had substantially lower quality diets than HTRs whose BMI did not increase.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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