Toxoplasma gondii Infection Is Associated with Low Birth Weight: Findings from an Observational Study among Rural Bangladeshi Women

Author:

Parvin IrinORCID,Das Sumon Kumar,Ahmed Shahnawaz,Rahman AminurORCID,Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem BinORCID,Shahrin LubabaORCID,Afroze FarzanaORCID,Ackhter Mst. Mahmuda,Alam Tahmina,Jahan YasminORCID,Palit Parag,Sarker Mohammad Habibur RahmanORCID,Das Jui,Hoque Mohammad Enamul,Magalhães Ricardo J. SoaresORCID,Mamun Abdullah Al,Faruque Abu Syed GolamORCID,Ahmed Tahmeed,Chisti Mohammod JobayerORCID

Abstract

Gestational Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection may cause substantial adverse effects on developing fetuses, newborns and also mothers. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii among rural Bangladeshi pregnant women and determine the risk of a low birth weight (LBW). We followed a longitudinal design where 208 pregnant women were followed until the birth of their infants. Levels of IgG and IgM of T. gondii were assessed using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted associations and multiple regression analysis was performed to understand the confounding and modifying effects of the variables. Thirty-nine (19%) children were born with LBW, among whom 15 (39%) mothers were positive for T. gondii IgG during pregnancy. After adjusting for several confounders and modifiers, pregnant women with T. gondii IgG or IgM seropositivity were significantly associated with LBW of infants (aRR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17–3.42). The strength of this association increased after adjusting for maternal education (aRR: 4.88, 95% CI: 1.74–13.69). The final model had an AROC of 0.84 with a sensitivity of 36% and specificity of 97%. Although causality is yet to be established, the study observed an association between T. gondii infection during pregnancy among rural Bangladeshi women and LBW of newborns.

Funder

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy

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