Comparative Evaluation of the Clinical Severity of COVID-19 of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients in Southeastern Romania in the First 6 Months of 2022, during the Omicron Wave

Author:

Manole Corina12,Baroiu Liliana13ORCID,Nechita Aurel14,Voinescu Doina Carina12,Ciubara Anamaria15ORCID,Debita Mihaela36,Tatu Alin Laurențiu137ORCID,Ciubara Alexandru Bogdan28,Stefanopol Ioana Anca48ORCID,Anghel Lucreția12,Nechifor Alexandru127ORCID,Firescu Dorel28

Affiliation:

1. Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania

2. ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania

3. ‘Sf. Cuv. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania

4. ‘Sf. Ioan’ Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania

5. ‘Elisabeta Doamna’ Psychiatric Hospital, 800179 Galati, Romania

6. Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania

7. Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, 800010 Galati, Romania

8. Clinical Surgical Department, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania

Abstract

(1) Background: The pandemic wave produced by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron was characterized by milder clinical forms and high contagiousness. The vaccination rate against COVID-19 in Romania was approximately 42%. (2) Objectives: Comparison of the clinical severity in vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated ones. (3) Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on a group of 699 adult patients confirmed with COVID-19 who presented in the “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital of Galati, Romania, between 1 January 2022 and 30 June 2022. The study compared the need for hospitalization, reinfections, demographic and comorbidity data, clinical and paraclinical parameters from the initial evaluation, and the ratio of unfavorable developments on subgroups chosen according to the vaccination status. (4) Results and Conclusions: Our study reveals that unvaccinated patients required hospitalization in 54.68% of cases, while fully vaccinated patients had a hospitalization rate of 40.72%, which was significantly lower than that of the unvaccinated group (p = 0.01); patients who received a booster dose had a hospitalization rate of 27.84% (p < 0.01, significantly lower than unvaccinated individuals; p = 0.01, significantly lower than fully vaccinated individuals); and among the four patients who received four doses, none required hospitalization. From the analysis of the two subgroups of hospitalized patients, we observed a significantly higher prevalence of radiological lesions, such as pulmonary opacities in the group of unvaccinated patients and a higher average duration of hospitalization, and serum values of D-dimers and blood-sugar at admission were significantly higher in unvaccinated patients. The higher presence of these parameters, which are indicators of severe progression in clinical studies, in the group of unvaccinated patients suggests the need to include them in the initial evaluation of the unvaccinated patients with COVID-19.The cumulative share of deaths and transfers in the ICU was higher in the group of unvaccinated patients, but the difference between the groups had no statistical significance. This study draws attention to the possibility of severe clinical forms among both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations, especially in the elderly and in patients with multiple comorbidities.

Funder

“Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health Information Management,Health Informatics,Health Policy,Leadership and Management

Reference44 articles.

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2. (2023, July 15). S-26_Information-of-Cases-with-Variants-That-Determine-VOC-Concern, Available online: https://insp.gov.ro/download/CNSCBT/docman-files/Coronavirus%20nCoV/analiza_cazuri_confirmate_covid-19/S-26_Informare-cazuri-cu-variante-care-determina-ingrijorare-VOC.pdf.

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