Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Can Be an Effective Tool for Screening Fatty Liver in Patients with Suspected Liver Disease

Abstract

Background and study aims: Although abdominal ultrasound (USG) or controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score of transient elastography (TE) is recommended for the diagnosis of fatty liver, issues regarding cost and accessibility still exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate if bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can be used as a reliable screening tool for fatty liver. Patients and methods: A total of 249 patients who underwent all three tests including TE, BIA, and USG were enrolled. The correlation between fat mass measured by BIA, CAP score of TE, and fatty liver grade measured by USG was analyzed. In addition, the cut-off value of BIA which can predict the fatty liver grade was calculated. Results: Fat mass index (FMI) assessed by BIA increased significantly along with the rise in fatty liver grade measured by USG (normal: 6.2 ± 2.4, Gr I: 8.0 ± 3.7, Gr II: 10.6 ± 3.5, Gr III: 10.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2, p < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the CAP score of TE and the FMI of BIA. Additionally, a total body fat mass increase by 24.3% or 29.8% in men and 34.8% or 35.1% in women increased the possibility of developing any grade of fatty liver or significant fatty liver (≥Gr II fatty liver), respectively. Conclusion: The total fat or fat mass index of BIA was related to fatty liver as assessed by ultrasound or CAP score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was about 0.8. Thus, BIA can be used as a screening tool for fatty liver in patients with suspected liver disease.