The Anticancer Potential of Psidium guajava (Guava) Extracts

Author:

Lok Bronwyn1ORCID,Babu Dinesh2,Tabana Yasser2,Dahham Saad Sabbar3ORCID,Adam Mowaffaq Adam Ahmed4,Barakat Khaled2ORCID,Sandai Doblin1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia

2. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

3. Department of Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences Rustaq, Rustaq PC 329, Oman

4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA

Abstract

The fruits, leaves, and bark of the guava (Psidium guajava) tree have traditionally been used to treat a myriad of ailments, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. The various parts of the plant have been shown to exhibit medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Recent studies have shown that the bioactive phytochemicals of several parts of the P. guajava plant exhibit anticancer activity. This review aims to present a concise summary of the in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the anticancer activity of the plant against various human cancer cell lines and animal models, including the identified phytochemicals that contributes to their activity via the different mechanisms. In vitro growth and cell viability studies, such as the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, and the trypan blue exclusion test, were conducted using P. guajava extracts and their biomolecules to assess their effects on human cancer cell lines. Numerous studies have showcased that the P. guajava plant and its bioactive molecules, especially those extracted from its leaves, selectively suppress the growth of human cancer cells without cytotoxicity against the normal cells. This review presents the potential of the extracts of P. guajava and the bioactive molecules derived from it, to be utilized as a feasible alternative or adjuvant treatment for human cancers. The availability of the plant also contributes towards its viability as a cancer treatment in developing countries.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Paleontology,Space and Planetary Science,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference94 articles.

1. Morton, J.F. (1987). Fruits of Warm Climates, J.F. Morton.

2. Rios, C., Salazar, C.R., Cardona, C., Victoria, K., and Torres, M. (1977). Frutales. Manual de Asistencia Técnica, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. [2nd ed.].

3. Fruit and nut genebanks in the US National Plant Germplasm System;Postman;HortScience,2006

4. Stone, B.C. (1970). The Flora of Guam, University of Guam.

5. Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology;Mitchell;J. Ethnopharmacol.,2008

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