Microwave-Assisted Recovery of Spent LiCoO2 Battery from the Corresponding Black Mass

Author:

Scaglia Matteo1,Cornelio Antonella1,Zanoletti Alessandra1ORCID,La Corte Daniele1,Biava Giada1,Alessandri Ivano23ORCID,Forestan Angelo4,Alba Catya4ORCID,Depero Laura1ORCID,Bontempi Elza1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM) and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy

2. Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM) and Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy

3. CNR-INO/Brescia Research Unit, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy

4. R&D Spirit Srl-Soc. Unipersonale, Via dei Laghi 67, 36072 Vicenza, Italy

Abstract

The literature indicates that utilizing pyrometallurgical methods for processing spent LiCoO2 (LCO) batteries can lead to cobalt recovery in the forms of Co3O4, CoO, and Co, while lithium can be retrieved as Li2O or Li2CO3. However, the technology’s high energy consumption has also been noted as a challenge in this recovery process. Recently, an innovative and sustainable approach using microwave (MW) radiation has been proposed as an alternative to traditional pyrometallurgical methods for treating used lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). This method aims to address the shortcomings of the conventional approach. In this study, the treatment of the black mass (BM) from spent LCO batteries is explored for the first time using MW–materials interaction under an air atmosphere. The research reveals that the process can trigger carbothermic reactions. However, MW makes the BM so reactive that it causes rapid heating of the sample in a few minutes, also posing a fire risk. This paper presents and discusses the benefits and potential hazards associated with this novel technology for the recovery of spent LCO batteries and gives information about real samples of BM. The work opens the possibility of using a microwave for raw material recovery in spent LIBs, allowing to obtain rapid and more efficient reactions.

Funder

Fondazione CARIPLO to “Tech4Lib—Spent Lithium-ion battery recovery”

MITO Technology

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Electrochemistry,Energy Engineering and Power Technology

Reference29 articles.

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