Irreversibility Analysis in the Ethylene Glycol Based Hybrid Nanofluid Flow amongst Expanding/Contracting Walls When Quadratic Thermal Radiation and Arrhenius Activation Energy Are Significant

Abstract

In this new era of the fluid field, researchers are interested in hybrid nanofluids because of their thermal properties and potential, which are better than those of nanofluids when it comes to increasing the rate at which heat is transferred. Compared to the dynamics of radiative Ethylene Glycol-Zinc Oxide (nanofluid) and Ethylene Glycol-Zinc Oxide-Titanium Dioxide (hybrid nanofluid) flows between two permeable expanding/contracting walls, nothing is known in terms of Lorentz force, heat source, and the activation energy. The thermo-physical characteristics of Ethylene Glycol, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles, and Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles are used in this study to derive the governing equations for the transport of both dynamics. Governing equations are converted as a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (with the aid of suitable similarity mutations), and then the MATLAB bvp4c solver is used to solve the equations. This study’s significant findings are that rise in the reaction rate constant increases mass transfer rate, whereas an increase in the activation energy parameter decreases it. The mass transfer rate decreases at a rate of 0.04669 (in the case of hybrid nanofluid) and 0.04721 (in the case of nanofluid) when activation energy (E) takes input in the range 0≤E≤5. It has been noticed that the velocity profiles are greater when the walls are expanding as opposed to when they are contracting. It is detected that the heat transfer rate reduces as the heat source parameter increases. The heat transfer rate drops at a rate of 0.9734 (in the case of hybrid Nanofluid) and 0.97925 (in the case of nanofluid) when the heat source parameter (Q) takes input in the range 0≤Q≤0.3. In addition, it has been observed that the entropy generation increases as the Brinkmann number rises.