1. United States Patent 3,229,759 Evaporation-Condensation Heat Transfer Device George M. Grover, Los Alamos, N. Mex., assignor to the United States of America as represented by the United States Atomic Energy Commission Filed Dec. 2 (1963), Ser. No. 327,559 3 Claims
2. Kew, David Anthony Reay; Peter. A. (2006). Heat pipes (5th ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7506-6754-8
3. Gaugler, Richard, Heat Transfer Devices, Dayton, Ohio: U.S. Patent Office: (1944) 4 2350348
4. The heat pipe;Eastman;Sci. Am.,1968
5. S.U.S. Choi, Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, 66, American Society of Mechanical Engineers—Fluids Engineering Division Publication, New York, 1995, pp. 99–105