Promoting Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Purple Lettuce through Sucrose Supplementation under Nitrogen Limitation

Author:

Liu Chunhui12ORCID,Yu Haiye1,Liu Yucheng3,Zhang Lei1,Li Dawei1,Zhao Xiaoman1,Zhang Junhe1,Sui Yuanyuan1

Affiliation:

1. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

2. College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China

3. College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Abstract

Although nitrogen deficiency and sucrose are linked to anthocyanin synthesis, the potential role of sucrose in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis under low nitrogen conditions (LN) in purple lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) remains unclear. We found that adding exogenous sucrose enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis but significantly inhibited lettuce growth at high concentrations. Optimal results were obtained using 1 mmol/L sucrose in a low-nitrogen nutrient solution (LN + T1). Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging indicated that the addition of exogenous sucrose induced mild stress. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD) and antioxidant capacity were both enhanced. The mild stress activated the antioxidant system, thereby promoting the accumulation of anthocyanins induced by exogenous sucrose. LN + T1 (low nitrogen nutrient solution supplemented with 1 mmol/L sucrose) up-regulated enzyme genes in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), flavone synthase II (FNSII), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). Additionally, various transcription factors such as AP2/ERF, MYB, bHLH, C2H2, NAC, C2C2, HB, MADS, bZIP, and WRKY were found to be up-regulated. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin metabolism in response to the addition of exogenous sucrose under low nitrogen conditions and provides a nutrient solution formula to enhance anthocyanin content in modern, high-quality agricultural cultivation.

Funder

key research and development project of the 14th Five-Year Plan: Research and development of key technologies and devices for active collaborative data collection on mobile phenotype platforms

National Natural Foundation of China

Research on self-regulation mechanism for efficient nitrogen use in symbiotic hydroponically—grown vegetables based on trophic niche differentiation

Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-Sponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agriculture Equipment: Key technologies of intelligent plant factory based on multi-source data fusion

Jilin University graduate innovative research project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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