Can Foraging for Earthworms Significantly Reduce Global Famine in a Catastrophe?

Author:

Miller Henry1ORCID,Mulhall James1,Pfau Lou Aino1,Palm Rachel12ORCID,Denkenberger David C.13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Lafayette, CO 80026, USA

2. Faculty of Humanities, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, 30-084 Krakow, Poland

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ilam Campus, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand

Abstract

Earthworms are a resilient group of species thriving in varied habitats through feeding on decaying organic matter, and are therefore predicted to survive an abrupt sunlight reduction scenario, e.g., a nuclear winter. In this study, the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of foraging earthworms to reduce global famine in such a scenario with or without global catastrophic infrastructure loss was considered. Previously reported earthworm extraction methods (digging and sorting, vermifuge application, worm grunting, and electroshocking) were analysed, along with scalability, climate-related barriers to foraging, and pre-consumption processing requirements. Estimations of the global wild earthworm resource suggest it could provide three years of the protein needs of the current world human population, at a median cost of USD 353·kg−1 dry carbohydrate equivalent or a mean cost of USD 1200 (90% confidence interval: 32–8500)·kg−1 dry carbohydrate equivalent. At this price, foraging would cost a median of USD 185 to meet one person’s daily caloric requirement, or USD 32 if targeted to high-earthworm-biomass and low-labour-cost regions; both are more expensive than most existing resilient food solutions. While short-term targeted foraging could still be beneficial in select areas given its quick ramp-up, earthworms may bioaccumulate heavy metals, radioactive material, and other contaminants, presenting a significant health risk. Overall, earthworm foraging cannot be recommended as a scalable resilient food solution unless further research addresses uncertainties regarding cost-effectiveness and food safety.

Funder

Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters

Publisher

MDPI AG

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