Effect of Nanometric Particles of Bentonite on the Mechanical Properties of a Thermoset Polymeric Matrix Reinforced with Hemp Fibers

Abstract

The influence of the addition of bentonite nanoparticles on the tensile and flexural strength of a thermosetting polymer matrix composite material reinforced with hemp fibers was de-terminated. All composites were manufactured with 5% of bentonite in the polymer mass–weight ratios and 10 to 45 wt% of fibers with a step of 5%. For mechanical characterization, tensile and flexural tests were performed: scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were carried out. The tensile strength of the samples containing bentonite compared to the polymer samples with the fiber addition was affected for all fiber addition percentages, except for 35% while the flexural resistance improved with the addition of bentonite in the percentages of 20, 30, 35, and 45% of fiber addition. With the addition of bentonite, the maximum values of tensile and flexural strength were both obtained for the 35% addition of fibers, with values of 34.28 MPa and 98.04 MPa, respectively. The presence of bentonite favored the rigidity of the material to traction and bending, which was reflected through an increase in the elastic modulus compared to the composite that only had fiber. The maximum values obtained were 9065 MPa in tension and 8453 MPa in flexion for the 40% and 35% of addition of fiber, respectively. Microscopy showed a good distribution of fibers in the matrix, the absence of internal porosities, and a good interaction between matrix and reinforcement.