Human Emotion Recognition: Review of Sensors and Methods

Abstract

Automated emotion recognition (AEE) is an important issue in various fields of activities which use human emotional reactions as a signal for marketing, technical equipment, or human–robot interaction. This paper analyzes scientific research and technical papers for sensor use analysis, among various methods implemented or researched. This paper covers a few classes of sensors, using contactless methods as well as contact and skin-penetrating electrodes for human emotion detection and the measurement of their intensity. The results of the analysis performed in this paper present applicable methods for each type of emotion and their intensity and propose their classification. The classification of emotion sensors is presented to reveal area of application and expected outcomes from each method, as well as their limitations. This paper should be relevant for researchers using human emotion evaluation and analysis, when there is a need to choose a proper method for their purposes or to find alternative decisions. Based on the analyzed human emotion recognition sensors and methods, we developed some practical applications for humanizing the Internet of Things (IoT) and affective computing systems.