Deep Comparisons of Neural Networks from the EEGNet Family

Abstract

A preponderance of brain–computer interface (BCI) publications proposing artificial neural networks for motor imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG) signal classification utilize one of the BCI Competition datasets. However, these databases encompass MI EEG data from a limited number of subjects, typically less than or equal to 10. Furthermore, the algorithms usually include only bandpass filtering as a means of reducing noise and increasing signal quality. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of five renowned neural networks (Shallow ConvNet, Deep ConvNet, EEGNet, EEGNet Fusion, and MI-EEGNet) utilizing open-access databases with a larger subject pool in conjunction with the BCI Competition IV 2a dataset to obtain statistically significant results. We employed the FASTER algorithm to eliminate artifacts from the EEG as a signal processing step and explored the potential for transfer learning to enhance classification results on artifact-filtered data. Our objective was to rank the neural networks; hence, in addition to classification accuracy, we introduced two supplementary metrics: accuracy improvement from chance level and the effect of transfer learning. The former is applicable to databases with varying numbers of classes, while the latter can underscore neural networks with robust generalization capabilities. Our metrics indicated that researchers should not disregard Shallow ConvNet and Deep ConvNet as they can outperform later published members of the EEGNet family.