Versatile Voltage-Mode Biquadratic Filter and Quadrature Oscillator Using Four OTAs and Two Grounded Capacitors

Abstract

This article presents a versatile voltage-mode (VM) biquad filter with independently electronic tunability. The proposed structure using one dual-output operational transconductance amplifier, three single-output operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and two grounded capacitors was explored to derive a new VM quadrature oscillator with the independent control of the oscillation frequency and the oscillation condition. The proposed versatile VM biquad filter achieves nearly all of the main advantages: (i) simultaneous realizations of band-reject, band-pass, and low-pass from the same architecture, (ii) multiple-input and multiple-output functions, (iii) independent electronic adjustability of quality factor and resonant angular frequency, (iv) no resistor needed, (v) all input terminals with cascade functions, (vi) no additional inverting amplifier for input signals, (vii) using only grounded capacitors, and (viii) easy to implement a VM quadrature oscillator with independent electronically controlled oscillation frequency and oscillation condition. The proposed versatile VM biquad filter employs only four OTAs and two grounded capacitors. The active components of the proposed VM biquad filter are one less than that of recent reports. The proposed circuit also brings versatility and simplicity to the design of VM biquad filters and VM quadrature oscillators. Filters and oscillators with less active and passive components have the advantages of low cost, low power dissipation, low circuit complexity, and low noise. Commercially available integrated circuit LT1228 and discrete components can be used to implement the proposed OTA-based circuits. The simulation and experiment results validated the theoretical analysis.