Small Sample Hyperspectral Image Classification Method Based on Dual-Channel Spectral Enhancement Network

Abstract

Deep learning has achieved significant success in the field of hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, but challenges are still faced when the number of training samples is small. Feature fusing approaches based on multi-channel and multi-scale feature extractions are attractive for HSI classification where few samples are available. In this paper, based on feature fusion, we proposed a simple yet effective CNN-based Dual-channel Spectral Enhancement Network (DSEN) to fully exploit the features of the small labeled HSI samples for HSI classification. We worked with the observation that, in many HSI classification models, most of the incorrectly classified pixels of HSI are at the border of different classes, which is caused by feature obfuscation. Hence, in DSEN, we specially designed a spectral feature extraction channel to enhance the spectral feature representation of the specific pixel. Moreover, a spatial–spectral channel was designed using small convolution kernels to extract the spatial–spectral features of HSI. By adjusting the fusion proportion of the features extracted from the two channels, the expression of spectral features was enhanced in terms of the fused features for better HSI classification. The experimental results demonstrated that the overall accuracy (OA) of HSI classification using the proposed DSEN reached 69.47%, 80.54%, and 93.24% when only five training samples for each class were selected from the Indian Pines (IP), University of Pavia (UP), and Salinas Scene (SA) datasets, respectively. The performance improved when the number of training samples increased. Compared with several related methods, DSEN demonstrated superior performance in HSI classification.