Enzymatic Chicken Pulp Promotes Appetite, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Growth in Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Enzymatic chicken pulp (ECP) is an animal protein source that has been proven to be of excellent nutritional content and good quality for the majority of aquatic organisms because of its quality protein, small peptides, palatability, vitamins, and minerals. An 8-week nutritional trial was conducted to assess the effects of an ECP-based diet on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and gene mRNA expression of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fish soluble pulp (FSP) served as the control group while in the experimental groups, and ECPs with three protein contents were used to replace FSP in equal amounts, named ECP1, ECP2, and ECP3, respectively. No significant difference in weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate, or feed conversion ratio was observed (p > 0.05) between the groups. Ash content in the Pacific shrimp’s whole body was significantly higher in the ECP1 and ECP3 groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Intestinal amylase and protease activities were the highest in the ECP1 and ECP2 groups, respectively (p < 0.05). With respect to gene mRNA expression, neuropeptide Y, excitatory amino acid transporter, and fatty acid transport protein 4 were significantly high in the ECP1 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these three ECPs have their advantages to replace FSP in shrimp feed, but ECP1 is more effective if the effects of digestive enzyme activity, appetite, and expression of growth-related genes are considered.