The Effect of Copper and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) Spermatozoa Motility after Incubation with Contaminants

Abstract

The study aimed to analyse the effect of copper nanoparticles of similar particle size of Cu and CuO and copper ions (CuSO4) on the motility parameters of rainbow trout spermatozoa after long-term exposure and compare its harmful effect. Nanoproducts of Cu and CuO (Cu NPs, CuO NPs) of primary particle size around 50 nm and ionic solution of CuSO4 were used for the study. Suspension of concentrations 0, 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg Cu·L−1 of Cu NPs, CuO NPs, and CuSO4 was dissolved in an artificial seminal plasma. Milt was mixed with the prepared solution and stored in a fridge, at 6 °C, for 96 h. At the defined incubation time, spermatozoa were activated for movement, and six motility parameters were evaluated using an automated system (CASA). Increasing concentrations of Cu NPs, CuO NPs, and CuSO4 in an incubation medium in parallel decreased the percentage of motile sperm (MOT). The effect of Cu NPs and ionic copper on MOT was more deleterious than that of CuO NPs. Copper products slightly increased the velocity (VCL) compared to the control, particularly up to 24 h of storage. Linearity (LIN) was improved by three tested products, particularly CuO NPs. Generally, the motility duration was prolonged when the sperm was incubated with copper products compared to the control. Nanoproducts made from different compounds of the same elements of similar particle size have a different effect on cells. Cu NPs were more harmful than CuO NPs. The effect of Cu NPs was similar to an ionic form of CuSO4. When incubated, the copper nanoproducts and ionic form exert a slightly positive effect on spermatozoa velocity, linearity, and motility duration, particularly up to 24 h of storage.