Abstract
The mortality rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients differed strongly between the first three pandemic waves. Nevertheless, their long-term survival has been poorly assessed. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and mortality rates of 825 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who were hospitalized at the Alessandria hub hospital, in Northern Italy, during the first fifty days of the first three pandemic waves. Each subject was followed in terms of vital status for six months from the date of hospital admission or until deceased. Patients admitted during the three waves differed in age (p = 0.03), disease severity (p < 0.0001), Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.0002), oxygen therapy (p = 0.002), and invasive mechanical ventilation (p < 0.0001). By the end of follow-up, 309 deaths (38.7%) were observed, of which 186 occurred during hub hospitalization (22.5%). Deaths were distributed differently among the waves (p < 0.0001), resulting in being higher amongst those subjects admitted during the first wave. The COVID-19 infection was reported as the main cause of death and patients with a higher mortality risk were those aged ≥65 years [adjusted HR = 3.40 (95% CI 2.20–5.24)], with a higher disease severity [adjusted HR = 1.87 (95%CI 1.43–2.45)], and those requiring oxygen therapy [adjusted HR = 2.30 (95%CI 1.61–3.30)]. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients admitted to our hub hospital during the second and the third waves had a lower risk of long-term mortality than those admitted during the first. Older age, more severe disease, and the need for oxygen therapy were among the strongest risk factors for poor prognosis.
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Reference33 articles.
1. Advances in pathogenesis, progression, potential targets and targeted therapeutic strategies in SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19;Front Immunol.,2022
2. Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention;JAMA,2020
3. Systemic and organ-specific immune-related manifestations of COVID-19;Nat. Rev. Rheumatol.,2021
4. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis;J. Infect.,2020
5. Betti, M., Bertolotti, M., Ferrante, D., Roveta, A., Pelazza, C., Giacchero, F., Penpa, S., Massarino, C., Bolgeo, T., and Cassinari, A. (2021). Baseline clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged ≤ 65 years: A retrospective observational study. PLoS ONE., 3.
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献