Fabrication of a 3D Printed Continuous Carbon Fiber Composite Grid Stiffened Structure Using Induction Heating

Abstract

In aerospace applications, composite grids have been widely utilized to enhance the strength of large thin-shell components. Recently, a growing focus has been on the research of 3D printing continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. The 3D printing method offers various advantages over traditional molding processes, including a simpler process, higher material utilization, and lower manufacturing costs. However, the use of 3D printing for manufacturing continuous fiber-reinforced composite structures presents challenges, such as a high occurrence of defects within the structure and insufficient mechanical properties. These limitations hinder its widespread application. To address these issues, this study proposes a method for treating 3D-printed composite grid structures using induction heating. Initially, the induction heating mechanism of 3D-printed composite grids was analyzed by studying the impedance at the junction, including direct contact resistance and dielectric hysteresis loss. Subsequently, the impact of induction heating treatment on internal defects was explored by observing micro morphologies. The results show that the combination of induction heating and vacuum pressure effectively reduces porosities within the 3D-printed carbon fiber composite grids. Additionally, 3D-printed composite grid-stiffened PLA structures were fabricated with induction heating, and the bending and impact tests were conducted to evaluate their mechanical properties. The results indicate that using a grid-unit size of 4 mm leads to significant increases in bending strength and modulus of the grid-stiffened structure, with improvements of 137.6% and 217.8%, respectively, compared to the neat PLA panel. This demonstrates the exceptional mechanical enhancement efficiency of the 3D-printed lightweight composite grids.