The Interplay between Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer Pathogenesis: A Novel Strategy for Cancer Therapeutics

Author:

Somu Prathap1ORCID,Mohanty Sonali2ORCID,Basavegowda Nagaraj3ORCID,Yadav Akhilesh Kumar45ORCID,Paul Subhankar2,Baek Kwang-Hyun3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil & Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur 303007, India

2. Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India

3. Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan

5. Department of Bioengineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India

Abstract

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are developmentally conserved families of protein found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. HSPs are engaged in a diverse range of physiological processes, including molecular chaperone activity to assist the initial protein folding or promote the unfolding and refolding of misfolded intermediates to acquire the normal or native conformation and its translocation and prevent protein aggregation as well as in immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. These molecular chaperonins are classified into various families according to their molecular size or weight, encompassing small HSPs (e.g., HSP10 and HSP27), HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and the category of large HSPs that include HSP100 and ClpB proteins. The overexpression of HSPs is induced to counteract cell stress at elevated levels in a variety of solid tumors, including anticancer chemotherapy, and is closely related to a worse prognosis and therapeutic resistance to cancer cells. HSPs are also involved in anti-apoptotic properties and are associated with processes of cancer progression and development, such as metastasis, invasion, and cell proliferation. This review outlines the previously mentioned HSPs and their significant involvement in diverse mechanisms of tumor advancement and metastasis, as well as their contribution to identifying potential targets for therapeutic interventions.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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