Wearable High Voltage Compliant Current Stimulator for Restoring Sensory Feedback

Author:

Collu Riccardo1ORCID,Paolini Roberto2,Bilotta Martina2,Demofonti Andrea2ORCID,Cordella Francesca2,Zollo Loredana2,Barbaro Massimo1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza D’Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy

2. Research Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies (CREO Lab), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy

Abstract

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a promising technique for eliciting referred tactile sensations in patients with limb amputation. Although several studies show the validity of this technique, its application in daily life and away from laboratories is limited by the need for more portable instrumentation that guarantees the necessary voltage and current requirements for proper sensory stimulation. This study proposes a low-cost, wearable high-voltage compliant current stimulator with four independent channels based on Components-Off-The-Shelf (COTS). This microcontroller-based system implements a voltage-current converter controllable through a digital-to-analog converter that delivers up to 25 mA to load up to 3.6 kΩ. The high-voltage compliance enables the system to adapt to variations in electrode-skin impedance, allowing it to stimulate loads over 10 kΩ with currents of 5 mA. The system was realized on a four-layer PCB (115.9 mm × 61 mm, 52 g). The functionality of the device was tested on resistive loads and on an equivalent skin-like RC circuit. Moreover, the possibility of implementing an amplitude modulation was demonstrated.

Funder

the Italian Institute for Labour Accidents (INAIL) prosthetic center

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Mechanical Engineering,Control and Systems Engineering

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