Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Quality Variations in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Chachiensis) with Different Storage Ages in Response to “Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus” Infection

Abstract

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, especially the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Chachiensis (PCRC), is an important edible and medicinal ingredient for health and pharmacological properties. Citrus Huanglongbing, a devastating disease that currently threatens the citrus industry worldwide, is caused by a phloem-limited alpha-proteobacterium, “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas). The industry of cultivar Chachiensis has been suffering from HLB. Although HLB affected the quality of citrus fruit, whether the quality of PCRC was affected by HLB remains unclear. In this study, we compared the metabolite profiles between HLB-affected and healthy PCRC from three sources: fresh, 6-month-old, and 9-year-old PCRC, through the untargeted LC–MS method. Compared to healthy controls, various types of bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, polysaccharides, and phenolic acids, accumulated in HLB-affected PCRC, especially in the HLB-affected 9-year PCRC. In particular, isorhamnetin, isoliquiritigenin, luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, limonin, geniposide, pyrimidodiazepine, scoparone, chitobiose, m-coumaric acid, malonate, and pantothenic acid, which contributed to the pharmacological activity and health care effects of PCRC, were highly accumulated in HLB-affected 9-year-old PCRC compared to the healthy control. Multibioassay analyses revealed that HLB-affected 9-year-old PCRC had a higher content of total flavonoids and total polyphenols and exhibited similar antioxidant capacity as compared to healthy controls. The results of this study provided detailed information on the quality of HLB-affected PCRC.