In Utero Heat Stress Has Minimal Impacts on Processed Pork Products: A Comparative Study

Abstract

This study aimed to determine what effects in utero heat stress (IUHS) in pigs may have on quality of processed pork products. In two experiments, patties and emulsion sausages were prepared from lean and fat from pigs subjected to IUHS or in utero thermoneutral (IUTN) conditions. Patties formulated to contain 25% added fat had altered textural properties compared to those without additional fat, as shown by lower hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness values (p < 0.05), which was not affected by IUHS treatment. Neither fat content nor IUHS treatment affected fluid losses of patties (p > 0.05). In general, 25% added fat patties had greater L*, a*, b*, hue angle, and chroma values than lean patties (p < 0.05). However, 25% added fat patties from the IUHS treatment maintained superior color stability during aerobic display, despite lean patties from this treatment exhibiting increased lipid oxidation (p < 0.05). For emulsion sausages, minimal differences in quality attributes and oxidative stability were found between treatment groups. Subcutaneous fat from IUHS pigs had greater C20:1 and C20:2 than IUTN (p < 0.05), although the magnitude of these differences was slight. Overall, the findings of this study suggest IUHS would have minimal impacts on the functional properties of raw pork, resulting in similar final quality of processed products to IUTN.