Texturing Fermented Emulsion Gels from Soy Protein: Influence of the Emulsifying Agent—Soy Protein vs. Pectin Microgels—On Gel Microstructure, Rheology and Tribology

Abstract

Soy-based yoghurt alternatives are nowadays preferred by consumers. However, they are often perceived as too firm or too soft, sandy, or fibrous. In order to improve this, fibres, especially as in form of microgel particles (MGP), and fats are added to the soy matrix to create a creamy mouthfeel. Both fat and pectin-based MGP can interact with each other and with the protein matrix, creating different microstructures. This can influence the rheological and tribological properties of plant-based protein gels. This works focuses on the effect droplet stabilisation (coconut oil) on the rheological and tribological behaviour of the fermented stirred soy protein gels. For this, fat droplets were stabilised with MGP, SPI, or a mixture of both. Whilst the rheological behaviour remained unchanged for all investigated samples, the tribology of the samples depended on the emulsifier used. The addition of fat decreased the traction coefficient compared to the reference samples without fat. Even though all samples had the same fat content and identical droplet sizes, differences were observed in their lubricating properties. Droplets stabilised solely with SPI presented the best lubricating properties, as indicated by the lowest traction coefficient. Samples stabilised with MGP (or in mixture with SPI) caused higher friction.