Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value, Volatile Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Haustorium with Different Transverse Diameter

Abstract

In order to promote the development and utilization of coconut haustorium (CH). The basic chemical composition, volatile profiles and antioxidant activities of three haustoria with different transverse diameters were investigated. Results showed large coconut haustorium (LCH) contained more soluble sugar (47.10%) and reducing sugar (17.68%), while small coconut haustorium (SCH) possessed more ash (10.17%), protein (9.22%) and fat (5.03%). All CH were rich in potassium (4.06–4.69%) and phosphorus (0.39–0.50%). The fatty acid composition of SCH and amino acid composition of middle coconut haustorium (MCH) was more reasonable, which indicated its relatively higher nutritive value. Acids ranging from 26.90% to 60.82% were the dominant volatile components in CH, especially isobutyric acid whose relative content in SCH was up to 56.78%. The haustorium extract with polysaccharide as the main component has certain antioxidant activities, the half eliminating concentration (EC50 values) of LCH on hydroxyl radical and SCH on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical were 8.33, 1.18 and 2.44 mg/mL, respectively. These results provided a reference for the development and utilization of different CH as a raw material in functional food or dietary additives.