1. Researcher, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ., Ellis Hall, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6.
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ., Ellis Hall, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 5M2 (corresponding author).
3. Senior Researcher, National Research Council Canada, Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1V 1S2.