1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Construction Engineering, Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5316 (corresponding author).
2. Professor and Chair, Dept. of Civil and Construction Engineering, Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5316.
3. Associate Delivery Engineer (Southwest Michigan), Michigan DOT, Kalamazoo, MI 49001.
4. Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Construction Engineering, Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5316.
5. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Construction Engineering, Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5316.