1. Concrete Pipe Handbook American Concrete Pipe Association Vienna Va. Jan. 1980.
2. Davis R. E. “Structural Behavior of Concrete Arch Culvert ” California Division of Highways Bridge Department Sacramento Calif. Sept. 1966.
3. Davis R. E. and Bacher A. E. “Structural Behavior of Concrete Pipe Culvert‐Mountainhouse Creek (Part 2) ” Report No. FHWA‐CA‐ST‐4121‐75‐8 Final Report to Federal Highway Administration California Department of Transportation Sacramento Calif. Sept. 1975.
4. Duncan J. M. Byrne P. Wong K. S. and Mabry P. “Strength Stress‐Strain and Bulk Modulus Parameters for Finite Element Analysis of Stresses and Movements in Soil Masses ” Report No. UCB/GT/80‐01 University of California at Berkeley Calif. Aug. 1980.
5. Heger F. J. “Structural Design Method for Precast Reinforced Concrete Pipe ” Transportation Research Record 878 Soil‐Structure Interaction of Subsurface Conduits 1982 pp. 93–100.