1. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2W2 (corresponding author).
2. Professor Emeritus, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907.
3. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2W2.
4. Manager of Construction Engineering, PCL Industrial Management Inc., 5404 99 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6E 3P4.