1. Assistant Professor, College of Engineering, Univ. of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq (corresponding author).
2. Professor, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State Univ., 101 Kearney Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
3. Assistant Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bucknell Univ., Lewisburg, PA 17837.