1. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku Univ., Sendai 9808579, Japan (corresponding author). ORCID: .
2. Engineer, East Japan Railway Company, 2-2-2 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 1510053, Japan.
3. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616.