1. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824 (corresponding author).
2. Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824.
3. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824.
4. Staff Civil Engineer, Transportation Infrastructure Division, Applied Research Associates, Inc., 100 Trade Center Dr., Suite 200, Champaign, IL 61820-7233. ORCID: .