1. Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Urban Management, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 615-8540, Japan (corresponding author).
2. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Osaka Univ., Suita 565-0871, Japan.
3. Professor, Dept. of Urban Management, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 615-8540, Japan. ORCID: .