1. Senior Lecturer, School of Engineering, Coventry Univ., Priory St., Coventry CV1 5FB, U.K. (corresponding author).
2. Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
3. Teaching and Resident Fellow, School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.