1. Professor, Dept. of Construction Engineering, Chaoyang Univ. of Technology, Wufong District, Taichung City, Taiwan 413, ROC (corresponding author).
2. Associate Professor, Dept. of Construction Engineering, Chaoyang Univ. of Technology, Wufong District, Taichung City, Taiwan 413, ROC.
3. Senior Bridge Engineer, California DOT, 1801 30th St., Sacramento, CA 95816.