1. Martha C. Nussbaum, a Fellow of the American Academy since 1988, is Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago. She is the author of numerous publications, including “For Love of Country” (1996), “Hiding From Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law” (2004), “The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future” (2007), and “Liberty of Conscience: In Defense of America's Tradition of Religious Equality” (2008).