The Role of Bone Marrow Fat in Skeletal Health: Usefulness and Perspectives for Clinicians

Author:

Paccou Julien12,Hardouin Pierre3,Cotten Anne14,Penel Guillaume1,Cortet Bernard12

Affiliation:

1. Université de Lille (J.P., A.C., G.P., B.C.), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France

2. Service de Rhumatologie (J.P., B.C.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 59000 Lille, France

3. Université du Littoral Côte (P.H.), 62327 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France

4. Service d'Imagerie Musculo-Squelettique (A.C.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 59000 Lille, France

Abstract

Context: There is growing interest in the relationship between bone marrow fat (BMF), bone mineral density (BMD), and fractures. Moreover, BMF might be influenced by metabolic diseases associated with bone loss and fractures, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), anorexia nervosa (AN), and obesity. Methods: The primary-source literature for this review was acquired using a PubMed search for articles published between January 2000 and April 2015. Search terms included BMF, BMD, fractures, T2DM, AN, and obesity. The titles and abstracts of all articles were reviewed for relevant subjects. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging, with or without spectroscopy, was used to noninvasively quantify BMF in humans. A negative relationship was found between BMD and BMF in both healthy and osteopenic/osteoporotic populations. Data are lacking on the relationship between BMF and fractures. Studies in populations of individuals with metabolic diseases such as T2DM, AN, and obesity have shown BMF abnormalities. Conclusions: We conclude that most human data demonstrate an inverse relationship between BMF and BMD, but data on the relationship with fractures are inconsistent and need further study. In daily practice, the usefulness for clinicians of assessing BMF using magnetic resonance imaging is still limited. However, the perspectives are exciting, particularly in terms of improving the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis.

Publisher

The Endocrine Society

Subject

Biochemistry, medical,Clinical Biochemistry,Endocrinology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Reference84 articles.

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