New Horizons: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Cognition

Author:

Prévot Vincent1ORCID,Tena-Sempere Manuel234ORCID,Pitteloud Nelly56ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR S1172 , Lille F-59000 , France

2. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , 14004 Córdoba , Spain

3. Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba , 14004 Córdoba , Spain

4. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 Córdoba , Spain

5. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne 1011 , Switzerland

6. Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université of Lausanne , Lausanne 1005 , Switzerland

Abstract

Abstract Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for activating and maintaining the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, which controls the onset of puberty and fertility. Two recent studies suggest that, in addition to controlling reproduction, the neurons in the brain that produce GnRH are also involved in the control of postnatal brain maturation, odor discrimination, and adult cognition. This review will summarize the development and establishment of the GnRH system, with particular attention to the importance of its first postnatal activation, a phenomenon known as minipuberty, for later reproductive and nonreproductive functions. In addition, we will discuss the beneficial effects of restoring physiological (ie, pulsatile) GnRH levels on olfactory and cognitive alterations in preclinical Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease models, as well as the potential risks associated with long-term continuous (ie, nonphysiological) GnRH administration in certain disorders. Finally, this review addresses the intriguing possibility that pulsatile GnRH therapy may hold therapeutic potential for the management of some neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and pathological aging in elderly people.

Funder

European Union, Horizon 2020 Research & Innovation Program

European Research Council

Publisher

The Endocrine Society

Subject

Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,Endocrinology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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