Affiliation:
1. Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, FMBA of Russia; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
2. Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, FMBA of Russia
3. North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Abstract
Introduction. The problem of using highly toxic components of rocket fuel remains one of the main issues in ensuring the hygienic safety of the territory affected by rocket and space activities.
Materials and methods. A hygienic assessment of environmental objects was carried out; structural and dynamic analysis of medical and demographic indicators, and morbidity in the population of the city of Tsiolkovsky.
Results. The sources of emissions into the atmospheric air during the operation phase of the cosmodrome are the launch complex of the launch vehicle, the technical complex and the complex for the production and storage of rocket fuel components. Regular operation of the Cosmodrome Vostochny is not accompanied by the release of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine and its transformation products into the environment. Classifying facilities for the preparation and execution of space flights as objects of extremely high risk is associated with a potential risk to the health in the city’s population, which may arise from combined multi-environment exposure to chemicals of hazard classes 1 and 2, including rocket fuel components.
The prevalence in the age structure of the population of the city of Tsiolkovsky younger than working age indicates a progressive structure of the population, both due to reproduction and the influx of labour. Primary and general morbidity in children and adolescents is characterized by higher levels compared to the morbidity in adults.
Limitations. A number of uncertainties associated with incomplete information about all possible contaminants of environmental objects, as well as a low level of sensitivity of the analytical methods used compared to reference concentrations, which can lead to an overestimation of possible exposure.
Conclusion. In the context of the further development of space infrastructure and the creation of new rocket systems at the Cosmodrome Vostochny, ensuring safe living conditions for the city’s population implies the continuation and improvement of work to monitor the state of the environment, potential sources of its anthropogenic pollution, as well as assessing and predicting the health of the population.
Publisher
Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Pollution,General Medicine
Reference21 articles.
1. Semenova O.N., Ivanov S.E., Shashkova O.B., Khudyakova O.M., Smirnova S.V. The contents of heavy metals in the soil of the residential area of the CTF Tsiolkovsky at the initial stage of operation of the Vostochny Cosmodrom. Meditsina ekstremal’nykh situatsiy. 2020; 22(1): 75–83. https://elibrary.ru/gsrpoe (in Russian)
2. Polyakov A.D., Kombarova M.Yu., Nechaeva E.N. Assessment of medical and demographic indicators of the population living in the zone of influence of the Vostochny Cosmodrome. Sanitarnyy vrach. 2023; (2): 109–19. https://doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2302-06 (in Russian)
3. Ladygina L.F., Galutskaya T.V., Ragozina M.A. Environmental problems of space exploration: impact of the missile and space equipment on surrounding environment. Reshetnevskie chteniya. 2013; (2): 355–6. https://elibrary.ru/sjcnwz (in Russian)
4. Semenova O.N., Ivanov S.E., Chistyakov S.V., Ryabova T.V. Monitoring results of hazardous chemical factors of the environment around the Vostochny Cosmodrome at the initial stage of its operation. Amurskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2018; (3): 14–9. https://doi.org/10.22448/AMJ.2018.3.14-19 https://elibrary.ru/ypswax (in Russian)
5. Uteulin K.R. The ecotoxicant is unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. Novosti nauki Kazakhstana. 2021; (2): 194–208. (in Russian)